PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have prolonged or infrequent menstrual periods or excess male hormone - androgen levels. Mayo Clinic on PCOS
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on or inside an ovary. While cysts can be a feature of PCOS, having cysts doesn't necessarily mean one has the syndrome. Mayo Clinic on Ovarian Cysts
Statistics/Demographics
PCOS affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age globally. In India, estimates suggest around 18-21% of women are affected in urban areas, depending on the criteria used for diagnosis.
Which are the body parts that get effected?
Primarily affects the ovaries, which might not release eggs regularly. Over time, this can result in multiple small cysts on the ovaries. CDC on PCOS
Symptoms:
Preclinical: Some women might not immediately recognize symptoms, especially if they are mild. Irregular periods or weight gain might be overlooked.
Clinical: Irregular periods, heavy bleeding, excess facial and body hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant, and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin. Mayo Clinic on PCOS
Risk factors:
Family history, high levels of insulin, inflammation, and being overweight.
How to control/manage PCOS?
Medications, lifestyle changes - diet and exercise, fertility treatments if pregnancy is desired, and treatments for hair growth or hair loss. CDC on PCOS
Role of nutrition & diet:
A balanced diet can help manage PCOS symptoms. Insulin resistance is common in PCOS, so a diet that stabilizes insulin levels can be beneficial.
What should you focus on?
Include whole foods, lean proteins, whole grains, and plenty of fruits and vegetables.
Limit refined carbohydrates, sugary foods, and beverages.
PCOS can increase the risk for other conditions in the future, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol abnormalities, sleep apnea, endometrial cancer, and mood disorders. Regular check-ups and symptom management are crucial. CDC on PCOS