These three conditions often coexist and are part of what is sometimes referred to as 'Metabolic Syndrome'. They often share common root causes and can exacerbate each other.
Obesity, particularly visceral fat, promotes insulin resistance and increases blood pressure. Insulin resistance can lead to type 2 diabetes. Elevated blood sugar and obesity strain the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of hypertension. Mayo Clinic on Metabolic Syndrome
Statistics/Demographics
Studies have reported that in urban Indian populations, age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be overall approximately 25% (approximately 31% in women and 18.5% in men). Metabolic Syndrome: The Indian Public Health Perspective
Which are the body parts that get effected?
The cardiovascular system, kidneys, pancreas, and liver are majorly affected. High blood sugar damages vessels and nerves. Excess fat and high blood pressure strain the heart and vessels.
Symptoms:
Preclinical: Slight weight gain, elevated blood sugars and blood pressure without significant symptoms.
Clinical: Marked weight gain, frequent urination, increased thirst, persistent high blood pressure, fatigue, blurred vision. Mayo Clinic on Metabolic Syndrome
Risk factors:
Genetics, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, age, family history, chronic stress, certain ethnicities.
How to control/manage metabolic syndrome?
Lifestyle modifications are primary: weight management, dietary changes, physical activity, medications for blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol if needed. Mayo Clinic on Metabolic Syndrome Treatment
Role of nutrition & diet:
Central to managing all three conditions. A heart-healthy diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins, and low in sugars and saturated/trans fats is recommended. American Heart Association on Diet & Lifestyle
What should you focus on?
Include: High fiber, reduced salt, whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats
Limit: Added sugars and processed foods.