Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone levels. Obesity exacerbates the symptoms of PCOS and increases the risk of complications. Mayo Clinic on PCOS
Obesity can exacerbate insulin resistance, which is often seen in women with PCOS. Elevated insulin levels due to resistance can stimulate the ovaries to produce more androgens, worsening PCOS symptoms. Office on Women's Health - PCOS
Statistics/Demographics
PCOS affects about 10% of women globally. In urban parts of India, almost 1 in 5 women suffer from PCOS. The combination of obesity and PCOS is increasingly prevalent due to sedentary lifestyles and dietary habits.
Which are the body parts that get effected?
Primarily the ovaries and menstrual cycle are affected, leading to infertility and cyst development. Obesity with PCOS can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, heart disease, and uterine cancer. Mayo Clinic on PCOS Complications
Symptoms:
Preclinical: Slight weight gain, irregular periods without other noticeable symptoms.
Clinical: Weight gain or difficulty losing weight, menstrual irregularities, excess hair growth, acne and oily skin, and thinning hair on the scalp.
Risk factors:
Family history, insulin resistance, inflammation, obesity, and elevated levels of androgens.
How to control/manage the condition?
Lifestyle modifications are primary: weight management, dietary changes, physical activity, medications for PCOS, and fertility treatments if required. Mayo Clinic on PCOS Treatment
Role of nutrition & diet:
A balanced diet can help manage weight and blood sugar levels, thus managing symptoms of PCOS. Focus on whole foods and minimize processed foods and sugars. PCOS and Diet
What should you focus on?
Include: High fiber foods, whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats like MUFA, and plenty of vegetables.
Limit: Refined carbohydrates, high sugar foods, saturated, and trans fats.