Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. It often leads to serious health complications if not managed. WHO on Hypertension
Prehypertension, now usually referred to as "elevated blood pressure," is a range where blood pressure is above normal but not high enough to be categorized as hypertension. It indicates a risk of developing hypertension in the future. CDC on Blood Pressure Categories
Statistics/Demographics
Hypertension is a major public health challenge in India. Studies suggest that about one-third of India's urban population and a quarter of the rural population have hypertension.
Which are the body parts that get effected?
Hypertension primarily affects the following,
Heart (can cause heart diseases)
Brain (increased risk of stroke)
Kidneys (can lead to kidney disease)
Eyes (can cause vision problems)
It also damages the blood vessels.
Symptoms:
Preclinical: Elevated blood pressure usually has no clear symptoms. Regular screenings are essential.
Clinical: Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it might be asymptomatic. Severe hypertension can cause headaches, visual changes, chest pain, and shortness of breath. CDC on High Blood Pressure Facts
Risk factors:
Obesity, high salt intake, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol or tobacco use, family history, age, chronic kidney disease, and stress. WHO on Hypertension
How to control/manage Hypertension?
Medications, regular blood pressure monitoring, reducing salt intake, healthy eating, physical activity, weight management, and reducing alcohol intake. CDC on Managing High Blood Pressure
Role of nutrition & diet:
A balanced diet can significantly influence blood pressure. Reducing salt and saturated fats, while increasing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help manage and prevent hypertension.
What should you focus on?
Prioritize foods high in dietary fiber, potassium-rich foods
Limit sodium (salt) intake, alcohol, and caffeine DASH Diet