Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels. It's primarily associated with atherosclerosis, a condition where arteries become narrowed or blocked. WHO on Cardiovascular Diseases
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It happens when the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with blood, become hardened and narrowed due to a build-up of plaque. CDC on Coronary Artery Disease
Statistics/Demographics
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in India. It is estimated that in 2019, nearly 28% of all deaths in India were due to CVD.
Which are the body parts that get effected?
Affects the heart and blood vessels. Can lead to heart attacks (damage to the heart muscle), strokes (affecting the brain), peripheral artery disease (legs and feet), and other complications. CDC on Heart Disease
Symptoms:
Preclinical: Some individuals may not experience symptoms before a major event like a heart attack or stroke.
Clinical: Chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, pain or numbness in the legs and arms, pain in the neck/jaw/throat, and fatigue. Mayo Clinic on Heart Disease
Risk factors:
High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, family history, high cholesterol, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol use, and age. CDC on Heart Disease Risk Factors
How to control/manage CVD?
Medications, surgical procedures, lifestyle modifications such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco, and limiting alcohol. CDC on Heart Disease Prevention
Role of nutrition & diet:
A heart-healthy diet can reduce the risk of developing CVD and improve overall heart health. This includes reducing sodium, saturated fats, and added sugars.
What should you focus on?
Prioritise fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
Reduce intake of trans fats, sodium, red meat, and sugary beverages.
CDC on prevention of heart disease